■ 咖啡苦味從何而來？
德國科學家發現了帶給咖啡苦味的分子。
人類引用咖啡已經有很長的歷史。咖啡不但成為許多人生活中的一部份，同時也引起了許多藝術家的創作靈感。例如德國作曲家巴赫就曾經為咖啡寫過一首〔咖啡〕清唱劇，來描寫他對咖啡的愛好。一杯咖啡中，大概含有三十多種不同的化學物質。這些不同的化合物帶給了咖啡複雜的味道，例如酸味、澀味、苦味等等。早在1930年起，便陸陸續續有許多的科學家開始研究咖啡中的各式化學分子對咖啡風味的影響。但是對於咖啡的苦味，相關的研究卻不多。德國Technical University of Munich的Thomas Hofmann決定對咖啡的苦味加以研究。他將煮好的咖啡進行過濾，發現一些分子量最小的分子味道最苦。於是他針對這點開始進行了一連串的實驗，他發現其中一個分子是綠原酸內酯(chlorogenic acid lactone)。綠原酸存在於大多數的植物中，解離之後便會成為綠原酸內酯。因此他們分析一系列不同烘培程度的咖啡，來測試綠原酸內酯的含量。他們發現烘焙生的咖啡豆會使綠原酸分解成綠原酸內酯，使咖啡帶有溫和的苦味。再繼續烘焙的結果會使綠原酸內酯分解為苯基林丹(phenylindanes)，這時便會產生強力的苦味。這項研究成果在今年的美國化學年會上發表。知道咖啡苦味的來源除了增加我們對咖啡的認識之外，另一個更感興趣的可能會是咖啡製造商。他們或許可以從這項研究找到如何減輕咖啡苦味的方法，讓咖啡能讓更多的人接受。
周晏銘 kevin (chou yang ming)
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