日本東北大學成功利用鈉在700℃下合成碳化矽陶瓷
日本東北大學多元物質科學研究所最近發現了利用鈉可以使矽和碳在700℃下發生低溫反應，生成碳化矽的現象。碳化矽是一種在高溫強度、耐磨損性以及耐腐蝕性方面優良的非氧化物陶瓷，主要應用於高溫結構材料、半導體製造裝置部件以及柴油車排氣凈化過濾器。但是，由於碳化矽的製造需要1200℃以上的高溫，因此業界期待能夠找到低溫高效的製造方法。
此次，東北大開發出的方法有三種。第一，把矽粉末和碳（非晶碳或富勒烯）粉末混合，在氬氣環境中與金屬鈉一起在700℃下加熱。從該過程得到的是粒徑為幾十nm的碳化矽奈米粉狀體。可作為碳化矽陶瓷燒結體的製造原料。
第二，把矽粉末和碳粉末混合，置於模具中加壓成形，然後在氬氣環境中，使其與鈉蒸氣一起在700℃下加熱。利用這種方法能夠在保持成形體形狀的同時製成碳化矽多孔體，有望應用於製造各種形狀的碳化矽多孔過濾器。
第三，把碳化的木材（輕木及日本扁柏）與金屬鈉和矽一起在700℃下加熱。這種方法製成的是擁有植物細胞壁形狀的碳化矽陶瓷塊狀體。使用這種方法，可以使以生物體組織為主的碳結構體以及人工設計的碳結構體在保持原有形狀和形態的情況下轉化為碳化矽。
使用上述三種方法生成的碳化矽均為立方晶係的閃鋅礦型結構——β型。該校預定在2007年9月12～14日召開的日本陶瓷協會秋季研討會（名古屋工業大學）上發表這項成果。（記者:荻原 博之）
周 晏銘 by http://techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/NEWS/20070907/138890/
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